Basic services availability

WTP of York households to reduce number of days of disruption to utilities and services experienced by the local community and visitors in York, Western Australia, as a result of earthquake. Disruption refers to outages of public utilities and services including power lines, pipes and other important infrastructure.

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$133.10 AUD
WTP per household per day of disruption avoided

Useful for NH BT; especially earthquakes in Australian context. Peer review not yet completed, but study reports key information for BT.

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Earthquake
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$133.10 per household per day of avoided disruption
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$133.10 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard Error
59.84
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

n/a

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
Yes
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
High
Recommendations

Useful for NH BT; especially earthquakes in Australian context. Peer review not yet completed, but study reports key information for BT.

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
40
Modelled number of observations
120

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
York, Western Australia
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Shire of York and neighbouring shires
Range in years of data
2020
Mean sample age
51 (median age)
Percent Male
20
Percent Female
80
Mean sample income
$800-$1200 per week (median income)
Income units
AUD

Publication

Willingness to pay to avoid the non-market impacts of earthquakes in York, Western Australia.

Rogers, A.A., Rollins, C., Florec, V. 2021. Willingness to pay to avoid the non-market impacts of earthquakes in York, Western Australia. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC Report 667, The University of Western Australia, Crawley.

Citation
Rogers, et al. 2021
Authors
Rogers, A.A., Rollins, C., Florec, V.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
No
Journal name
n/a

Additional information

Notes on this study

Respondents were informed that there is a 1 in 50 chance of a large earthquake in York in the next 50 years, and a 1 in 10 chance of a moderate earthquake in the next 50 years. Attribute level range as follows. Status quo in the event of an earthquake: 4 week disruption (large earthquake); 1 week disruption (moderate earthquake). Maximum improvement considered through infrastructure upgrades: 3-4 days disruption (large earthquake); <1 day disruption (moderate earthquake). WTP is converted to a per case estimate, with expected value of the attribute calculated as: p(moderate earthquake) x moderate damage  +  p(large earthquake) x large damage.

WTP of Perth households to reduce number of days of disruption to utilities and services experienced by the local community and visitors in York, Western Australia, as a result of earthquake. Disruption refers to outages of public utilities and services including power lines, pipes and other important infrastructure.

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$65.43 AUD
WTP per household per day of disruption avoided

Useful for NH BT; especially earthquakes in Australian context. Peer review not yet completed, but study reports key information for BT.

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Earthquake
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$65.43 per household per day of avoided disruption
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$65.43 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard Error
6.95
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

n/a

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
Yes
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
High
Recommendations

Useful for NH BT; especially earthquakes in Australian context. Peer review not yet completed, but study reports key information for BT.

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
854
Modelled number of observations
4270

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
York, Western Australia
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Perth Metropolitan Region
Range in years of data
2020
Mean sample age
47 (median age)
Percent Male
49
Percent Female
51
Mean sample income
$1200-$1700 per week (median income)
Income units
AUD

Publication

Willingness to pay to avoid the non-market impacts of earthquakes in York, Western Australia.

Rogers, A.A., Rollins, C., Florec, V. 2021. Willingness to pay to avoid the non-market impacts of earthquakes in York, Western Australia. Bushfire and Natural Hazards CRC Report 667, The University of Western Australia, Crawley.

Citation
Rogers, et al. 2021
Authors
Rogers, A.A., Rollins, C., Florec, V.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
No
Journal name
n/a

Additional information

Notes on this study

Respondents were informed that there is a 1 in 50 chance of a large earthquake in York in the next 50 years, and a 1 in 10 chance of a moderate earthquake in the next 50 years. Heritage buildings defined as those listed on the Western Australian State Register of Heritage Places. Attribute level range as follows. Status quo in the event of an earthquake: 24 out of 30 buildings destroyed (large earthquake); 6 buildings destroyed (moderate earthquake). Maximum improvement considered through retrofitting program: 4 buildings destroyed (large earthquake); 1 building destroyed (moderate earthquake). WTP is converted to a per case estimate, with expected value of the attribute calculated as: p(moderate earthquake) x moderate damage  +  p(large earthquake) x large damage

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$88.31 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 8 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$60.05 per customer (household) per 8 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$60.05 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
54.34
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$48.78 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 30 minute electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$33.17 per customer (household) per 30 minute outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$33.17 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
28.27
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$96.42 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 12 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$65.57 per customer (household) per 12 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$65.57 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
60.89
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$82.76 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 6 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$56.28 per customer (household) per 6 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$56.28 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
49.99
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$75.34 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 4 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$51.23 per customer (household) per 4 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$51.23 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
44.37
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$64.07 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 2 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$43.57 per customer (household) per 2 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$43.57 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
36.51
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$55.12 AUD

WTP for a residential customer to avoid an 1 hour electricity outage

 Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$37.48 per customer (household) per 1 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$37.48 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
31.22
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations
Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a

Estimate WTP to avoid the disruption of electricity service to a household

Fire
Flood
Storm
Earthquake
Tsunami
Heatwave
Calculated WTP Marginal Change being measured Recommendations
$103.50 AUD

WTP for a residential customer (household) to avoid an 24 hour electricity outage

Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

WTP Details

Hazard types identified
Not specified
Specific Value Type measured
Basic services
Currency Year - original study
WTP estimate - original study value
$70.38 per customer (household) per 24 hour outage
Currency - original study
AUD
WTP converted to $AU in original year from the study
$70.38 AUD
WTP measure
Mean
Standard deviation
72.87
Other variables that significantly explain WTP

Price, number and length of outage, day and time of outage, length of notice given, emergency cause of outage

Study Details

Value type applicable
Social disruption
Study conducted in the context of a natural hazard?
No
Study quality
High
Benefits transfer applicability
Average
Recommendations

Useful for BT in Australia - be aware of generalised context - not NH specific

Methods

Data collection method used
Choice modeling
Analysis model
Mixed logit model
Modelled number of individuals
n/a
Modelled number of observations
204

Sample Characteristics

Country/region studied
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Country of source studies
Australia
Sampled population
Canberra
Range in years of data
2002-2003
Mean sample age
46
Percent Male
39
Percent Female
61
Mean sample income
$42,000
Income units
AUD/year

Publication

Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability

Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K. 2014. Willingness to pay for residential electricity supply quality and reliability. Applied Energy. 115 (2014): 280-292.
Citation
Hensher, et al. 2014
Authors
Hensher, D., Shore, N., Train, K.
Year published
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Journal name
Applied Energy

Additional information

Notes on this study

n/a
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