Inquiry Search
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC325-4335 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Inspector-General of Emergency Management recommends Queensland Fire and Emergency Services update and deliver training on the workflow reviewed (as per Recommendation 3) of the current Emergency Alert system to all persons responsible at a local, district and state level by 1 November 2022. Training should address system constraints and system complexities in addition to the process of requesting, composing (including Clear Explicit Translatable Language [CETL]), authorising and issuing Emergency Alerts. |
REC325-4321 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General of Emergency Management recommends this report be returned to the Office of the Inspector-General of Emergency Management to monitor, evaluate, and report on progress and implementation of the recommendations that are accepted in whole or in part by government. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC322-4230 | 34 - Local knowledge | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends Queensland Fire and Emergency Services engages with land managers and other stakeholders on K’gari to source data to inform Predictive Services products. |
REC322-4246 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends the Interagency Protocol for Fire Management be reviewed by all relevant entities, including representatives of the Butchulla people, and be updated as a matter of priority. Entities responsible for the protocol should implement a process for regular review and evaluation of its effectiveness. This review process should be conducted after a major bushfire event, or to reflect any material change to applicable legislation and policy. It should also consider pre-arranged approvals and a range of agreed fiscal protocols between the agencies. |
REC322-4250 | 34 - Local knowledge | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends the Locality Specific Fire Management Group for K’gari meet at least twice per year, in person or virtually. |
REC322-4252 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends Queensland Fire and Emergency Services regularly review and evaluate the effectiveness of the Queensland Bushfire Plan with land managers and stakeholders, including disaster management groups. A review should occur in line with any material change to the Queensland State Disaster Management Plan, the Disaster Management Act 2003, the Prevention Preparedness Response and Recovery Guideline, or after major bushfire events, to ensure appropriate alignment and currency. |
REC322-4218 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends this report be returned to the IGEM to monitor, evaluate and report on progress and implementation of the recommendations that are accepted in whole or in part by government. |
REC322-4219 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends should a Queensland Government Action Plan be considered, clarity about the intent of the recommendations be sought from the Inspector-General Emergency Management to assist in informing this process. |
REC322-4229 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends Queensland Fire and Emergency Services identifies stakeholders that would benefit from predictive service products. Suitable advice and training should be provided to these stakeholders to assist with using and interpreting the products. |
REC322-4220 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends Queensland Fire and Emergency Services and the Department of Environment and Science monitor the progress of relevant improvement activities resulting from the K’gari (Fraser Island) Bushfire Review, through their respective lessons management programs. |
REC322-4244 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends the Department of Environment and Science review its training framework and minimum mandatory training requirements for Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service Incident Controllers to ensure they are appropriately trained to manage significant events. |
REC322-4227 | 34 - Local knowledge | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends the membership of the K’gari Locality Specific Fire Management Group be expanded to include representatives of the Butchulla people, community associations from each township and tourism and business operators with interests on the island. |
REC322-4240 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Inspector-General Emergency Management recommends the next review of the Queensland State Disaster Management Plan examines and provides guidance in respect to the application of Queensland’s disaster management arrangements to support hazard specific events such as bushfire. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC317-4120 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Australian, state and territory governments should establish a national mechanism for sharing of trained and qualified recovery personnel and best practice during and following natural disasters. |
REC317-4102 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Australian, state and territory governments should review Australian Medical Assistance Team capabilities and procedures and develop necessary training, exercising and other arrangements to build capacity for domestic deployments. |
REC317-4074 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Government should review the content of the Defence Assistance to the Civil Community manual to ensure consistency of language and application with a revised COMDISPLAN. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC311-2505 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | This report be returned to the InspectorGeneral Emergency Management to monitor, evaluate and report on progress and implementation of the recommendation(s) that are accepted in whole or in part by government. |
REC311-2504 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | To enable entities in the sector to proactively work to achieve better results for the community, the recommendations and lessons of this review should be evaluated through the lessons management processes of entities involved in dam safety for their value and relevance. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC309-2479 | 34 - Local knowledge | Local groups should plan for and establish clear arrangements to effectively manage offers of assistance including the management of goods, services and volunteers. |
REC309-2478 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The progress of recovery for this event be reviewed incrementally over the next 2 to 3 years, with a formal, independent report provided on the effectiveness of the recovery after 3 years. |
REC309-2474 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The provision of system-wide tools, education, guidance and testing for requests for assistance is strengthened to enhance understanding and outcomes. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC308-2464 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The provision of system-wide education, guidance and testing to enhance requests for Assistance is strengthened. |
REC308-2449 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Queensland should implement and maintain a system-wide lesson management program. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC307-2445 | 16 - Training and behaviour | All agencies should identify the capacity and appropriate positions for the role of liaison officers, and ensure sufficient numbers are trained. |
REC307-2435 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Building capacity in fire simulation and predictive capabilities, including the capability of people to read and interpret these products through training, should be investigated and considered. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC301-2385 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | TFS should initiate a policy review (seeking support from government as appropriate) to clearly identify what body or agency is responsible for planning, carrying out and enforcing fuel management on private property at a township level. If current arrangements are unclear or ineffective, TFS should request government to consider making this a statutory responsibility of TFS and provide any additional funding required to support this function. |
REC301-2384 | 36 - Volunteers | TFS should pursue the creation of a cadre of volunteer remote area firefighters. In doing so the TFS should not consider itself limited to upskilling of current volunteer brigade members, but should carry out a cost benefit analysis of creating one or more remote area firefighting units based in urban areas, in order to tap into the potential of those members of the urban-based Tasmanian community who may have advanced knowledge and skills relating to navigation and survival in wilderness areas. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC297-1273 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the State Emergency Management Committee allocates resources to reviewing all findings and recommendations in the Productivity Commission Report No. 74 relevant to Tasmania and, for those identified as relevant, actions taken and, if none, why not. |
REC297-1264 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Flood Warning Consultative Committee reviews flood classification levels in the Service Level Specifications with BoM specifically relating to flood level triggers on gauges. |
REC297-1259 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That DPIPWE examines the Forest Practice Code 2015 for relevance of its concepts to farming and other business activities near rivers, streams and naturally occurring dams and makes recommendations to Government accordingly. |
REC297-1258 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That DPIPWE examines the WMAwater report along with its own, analyses the differences, consults with the Forest Practices Authority and Environment Protection Authority, and proposes an appropriate course of action to Government. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC288-1199 | 36 - Volunteers | The Committee finds that on the evidence presented, that volunteer firefighters are at risk of being undervalued and underrated and that the Government should use best endeavours to ensure the full acknowledgement and recognition of these services. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC287-1185 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Tasmanian fire agencies take steps at a national level to share learnings from the 2016 fires about the administration of interstate assistance and support the codifcation of the workings, structure and reporting lines of an Interstate and International Liaison Unit for future complex deployments within Australia and New Zealand. |
REC287-1190 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That a full review be undertaken of the benefts and costs of training a cadre of Tasmanian volunteer firefghters in remote area firefghting, with reference to the experience of jurisdictions interstate that already do so. |
REC287-1189 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That suffcient Tasmanian firefghters are trained in winch operations to sustain a ‘first strike’ capability until they can be reinforced (if necessary) by interstate capability; and that consideration be given to how winch-capable aircraft can be sourced to support this activity at fire incidents. |
REC287-1187 | 16 - Training and behaviour | All Tasmanian fire agency staff who are assigned to aviation-related roles be required to complete the formal nationally recognised training appropriate to that role. Tasmanian fire agencies arrange secondments to larger states for staff who are going to undertake aviation-related roles, to give them practical experience of the role in advance of any major incidents. |
REC287-1183 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Further conversations take place between TFS and SES to identify what skills and capabilities may be transferable between the agencies, not just in the event of a future fire, but in case of future hazards for which SES is the primary response agency, including food, earthquake and tsunami. |
REC287-1188 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Tasmanian fire agencies commission a review into the efectiveness of aerial firefghting in the 2016 fires, in order to better understand and to document for future reference the cost-efectiveness of specifc fire suppression strategies and tactics in different vegetation types. The Review should include a comparative analysis of fire suppression options whether aerial or ground-based. |
REC287-1181 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Tasmanian fire agencies develop a multi-agency position to ensure that training for incident controllers includes training in how the transition from local incident control to Divisional Command is managed. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC286-1460 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Review seismic monitoring network alert systems to ensure emergency managers are on the contact lists. |
REC286-2057 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Provide training sessions to GPs to improve their understanding of their roles, options and obligations relating to human influenza pandemic. |
REC286-1442 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Review legislation relating to Fuel Stove only areas, Fire Permit System and Total Fire Bans to ensure appropriate incentives to modify individuals’ behaviour. |
REC286-1477 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Develop and deliver flood incident response management training to SES personnel. |
REC286-2036 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Provide information on landslide hazards and risks to decision makers. |
REC286-1438 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Consider outcomes of national review of warnings and review resilience of warning systems’ infrastructure. |
REC286-1444 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Maintain adequate seasonal fire crew resources across the fire agencies. |
REC286-2070 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Test the Biosecurity Act 2015. |
REC286-2013 | 16 - Training and behaviour | State to develop a Swift Water rescue capability. |
REC286-1434 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Improve the strategic resource-to-risk skills mix (recruitment, retention, capacity), including investigating difference models of volunteering within the TFS Brigade Network. |
REC286-2073 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Ensure people designing and certifying buildings are appropriately trained and qualified. |
REC286-2076 | 36 - Volunteers | Review volunteering arrangements to improve recruitment and retention. |
REC286-2065 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Deliver human influenza pandemic training and exercises in THS and other key organisations. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC285-2524 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The report recommends that Ambulance Tasmania investigate why the level of multiple responses had increased. |
REC285-2520 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The report recommends that Ambulance Tasmania investigate whether the additional resources in the North and North West regions were effective in reducing average response times. |
REC285-2521 | 36 - Volunteers | The report recommends that Ambulance Tasmania investigate whether higher proportions of volunteers were impacting on mobilisation times in the North. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC272-1421 | 16 - Training and behaviour | In conjunction with the Queensland Fire and Emergency Services review of guidelines, the Public Safety Business Agency should consider reviewing the cyclone shelter management training package to include guidance to the shelter management team on their roles and responsibilities, and powers available under legislation and how these may be exercised. |
REC272-1415 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | An audit of all local government areas vulnerable to storm tide events is completed and opportunities identified to resolve gaps in evacuation zone planning to ensure consistency with the Queensland Evacuation Guidelines for Disaster Management Groups and neighbouring local government areas. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC271-1530 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Local Disaster Coordination Centre capability and capacity should be reviewed to ensure adequate staffing arrangements are in place to fill key positions, and that operational protocols are known and practiced across all functions to provide redundancy. Assistance for review and necessary training should be sought from key Local Disaster Management Group member agencies. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC268-1424 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Queensland Emergency Alert Guidelines is reviewed to reflect current practice and incorporate evidence-based improvements informed by lessons learned and research. |
REC268-1422 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Queensland State Disaster Management Plan is reviewed to: |
REC268-1428 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Warning and Alert Systems training (including the use of Emergency Alert and the requirements of the guidelines) is delivered to: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC258-2556 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority structures all regulations not yet made with the three-tier approach, and subsequently reviews all other Civil Aviation Safety Regulation Parts (in consultation with industry) to determine if they should be remade using the three-tier structure. |
REC258-2552 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority implements a system of using third-party commercial audits as a supplementary tool to its surveillance system. |
REC258-2542 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority publishes and demonstrates the philosophy of ‘just culture’ whereby individuals involved in a reportable event are not punished for actions, omissions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training. However, actions of gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts should not be tolerated. |
REC258-2551 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority assures consistency of audits across all regions, and delivers audit reports within an agreed timeframe. |
REC258-2541 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority finalises its Capability Framework and overhauls its training program to ensure identified areas of need are addressed, including: |
REC258-2549 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority provides full disclosure of audit findings at audit exit briefings in accordance with international best practice. |
REC258-2534 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Civil Aviation Safety Authority develops a staff exchange program with industry. |
REC258-2528 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Transport Safety Bureau investigates as many fatal accidents in the sport and recreational aviation sector as its resources will allow. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC257-1548 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Regional Director-Defence Support-Northern NSW, make contact with Deputy Commissioner ~~~~~ Director of Operational Services Rural Fire Service, to arrange a headquarters driven bipartite review of the events of 16 October 2013 with a review to mitigation of future fire events generally, and with specific reference to: |
REC257-1546 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Defence undertake a review of its ability to respond to a fire within Marrangaroo Training Area, whether bushfire or structural. The underlying assumption should be that the only response available to fight a fire within Marrangaroo Training Area will be provided by Defence. Further, such response must occur while a fire is in its initial stages. A review must either acknowledge the risk of fire occurring in th future, or upgrade Defence's firefighting capability at Marrangaroo Training Area. |
REC257-1540 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Commanding Officer Defence Explosive Ordnance Training School, assisted by Joint Logistics Command Regional Explosive Ordnance Serices staff, conduct explosive ordnance accounting training for all instructional staff as a matter of priority and that such training be conducted for Defence Explosive Ordnance Training School staff on an annual basis. |
REC257-1539 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Defence Security Authority conduct an investigation into the whereabouts of items of anaccounted explosive ordnance issued to Defence Explosive Ordnance Training School Exercise Marrangaroo. |
REC257-1536 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Australian defence Force Explosive Ordnance Disposal course be reviewed by Manager Joint Training - Air Force, to ensure the assessments meet the learning outcomes specificed in the relevant Training Management Package. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC256-1573 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Government should schedule an independent and public review of the progress of reforms to natural disaster funding arrangements five years after implementation has commenced. This review should examine the operation and efficacy of the arrangements, including the: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC247-0865 | 34 - Local knowledge | That Tasmania Fire Service reviews its position on using local experienced officers on the fire ground in the command model in a structured and systemic way. |
REC247-0937 | 19 - Offences | That the legislation and enforcement arrangements are reviewed to ensure there are suitable offences and penalties, investigation and enforcement capabilities, and a rigorous approach is taken to breaches of the law. |
REC247-0926 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That membership of the State Emergency Management Committee, and other processes to link in appropriate agencies and organisations to emergency management, be included in the recommended review of the emergency management arrangements. |
REC247-0868 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That Tasmania Fire Service, Forestry Tasmania, and Parks and Wildlife Service have a process for ensuring fire strategy and tactics are appropriate and remain focussed. |
REC247-0863 | 34 - Local knowledge | That Tasmania Fire Service considers measures to bring local knowledge into Incident Management Team operations. |
REC247-0923 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That a process be established for the timely implementation of approved recommendations from the 2009 Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. |
REC247-0909 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the plans for social recovery be reviewed, and plans and procedures are established ready for implementation. |
REC247-0951 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That an independent means of monitoring and reporting on the implementation of approved recommendations is established. |
REC247-0936 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the State Fire Management Committee note the decline in machinery and skilled operators from the forestry industry in the private sector and determines how this reduction in fire management capability can be addressed. |
REC247-0903 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the role of Red Cross in emergency management plans and procedures for the activation of Red Cross be reviewed. |
REC247-0941 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Strategic Fuel Management Plan includes measurable targets and they are actively monitored and reported on to the community. |
REC247-0925 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That training and development of personnel to establish a suitable state of readiness, be included in the recommended review by Tasmania Police of its approach to emergency management. |
REC247-0873 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | If it is considered more information is required on action to suppress the fires in Dunalley and why fire operations did not continue, the Department of Justice should conduct an independent examination of this matter. |
REC247-0875 | 34 - Local knowledge | That Tasmania Fire Service reviews its integration of rural local knowledge and volunteer brigades into fire operations, develops and maintains appropriate strategies, and aims to be a best-practice fire service in this regard. |
REC247-0927 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That an accountability process be established for managing improvement in the emergency management arrangements, including annual State of Readiness Reports by relevant departments and agencies and on the overall emergency management arrangements. |
REC247-0924 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That an exercise program — to establish and maintain an acceptable state of readiness for agencies and organisations required to be involved in emergency operations — be developed and implemented. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC246-0788 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | TFS seek to address the following outstanding items from the recommendations of the Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission. § 45 out of 53 Community Bushfire Response Plans for “at risk” communities have been finalized. The remaining eight should be completed as a priority action. § That TFS progress the development of Community Bushfire Mitigation Plans for the 53 at risk communities, possibly as an action for reactivated Fire Management Area Committees. § TFS, together with other ESOs and local government, should develop a common comprehensive approach to the option of planned evacuation from dangerous or potentially dangerous areas to safer areas and eventual return. § TFS should include factors for consideration for evacuation during a bushfire into their training doctrine for Incident Controllers. § The IAP Template and its application be reinforced as an important operational requirement for IMT’s during the 2013-14 pre-season briefing program. 10 § That TFS review their use of IRMS to ascertain if either its full potential is not being realized through a lack of operator training or it is in fact not providing the required functionality and there is a need to research an improved resource management system which enhances interoperability. § The TFS Publication: Guidelines for Development in Bushfire Prone Areas of Tasmania http://www.fire.tas.gov.au/userfiles/stuartp/file/Publications/BushDeve… s2012.pdf requires an update to reflect the provisions of Planning Directive #5 Bushfire-Prone Areas Code. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC241-0974 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That all employees of Rural Fire Service Queensland MUST demonstrate a background in, knowledge or experience of land management and volunteering. |
REC241-0982 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the requirement for Primary Producer Brigade members to undertake a Firefighter Minimum Skills course be removed and replaced with a ‘Primary Producer Brigade Induction’ course. |
REC241-1041 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That, as with Recommendation 23 related to Rural Fire employees, all State Emergency Service employees should have a recorded history of volunteering. |
REC241-0969 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That a mobile training program be established for areas with identified above average fire risk to train in fire behaviour and Australasian Inter-Service Incident Management System principles across land tenures. |
REC241-1030 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That Rural Fire Brigades only be required to conduct an audit of finances if the Brigades income exceeds $5,000 for a financial year. RFSQ District offices should investigate options for savings on the costs of auditing Brigades in their district through either an in-house or external provider. Legal Status of Brigades |
REC241-0981 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That Rural Fire Service Queensland utilise external Registered Training Organisations for the training of volunteers and other stakeholders. |
REC241-1040 | 36 - Volunteers | That RFSQ review local SAP function and delegation to enable effective and timely support for volunteers. |
REC241-1018 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That members of Primary Producer and Rural Classified Brigades will only require a Criminal History Check if they become an office bearer of that Brigade. |
REC241-0956 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That, wherever possible, combined training take place between volunteers across a wide range of volunteer organisations. |
REC241-0980 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That Rural Fire Service Queensland to have its own training support coordinators who, in conjunction with external Registered Training Organisations, co-ordinate the training curriculum throughout Queensland. |
REC241-1017 | 36 - Volunteers | That each District office establish and maintain a register of suitably qualified Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System trained volunteers who are prepared to undertake the management of operations and provide these to the District Fire Management Group. |
REC241-0985 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the Department of Community Safety review Rural Fire Service Queensland and other volunteer organisation records and consider options to simplify recognition of training records and competencies, criminal history checks, equipment capacities and other background information for volunteers who belong to more than one volunteer organisation. |
REC241-0977 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That all volunteer training conducted by the Rural Fire Service Queensland will be relevant to employment levels within the Rural Fire Service Queensland. |
REC241-0978 | 36 - Volunteers | That in recognition of their commitment to the community volunteers employed by the State Government should be released to assist as volunteers for up to five (5) days per year in appropriately identified emergency operations. |
REC241-0984 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That Rural Fire Service Queensland work with the State Emergency Service, Surf Life Saving Queensland and other volunteer organisations to develop training programs which can be recognised by all organisations (E.G. chainsaw training, Four-wheel drive training) |
REC241-0976 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That Rural Fire Service Queensland recognise training and experience in rural fire Brigades as equal to experience gained in other rural fire services when considering candidates for employment. |
REC241-0955 | 36 - Volunteers | That corporate support, such as administration and finance, to volunteer services be shared to enable a closer working relationship between the services. |
REC241-0983 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the current Primary Producer Brigade manual be withdrawn and a working group comprising Rural Fire Service Queensland staff, Rural Fire Brigade Association of Queensland representatives and Primary Producer Brigade volunteers and as a priority produce a new, simpler and less bureaucratic booklet. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC239-2736 | 36 - Volunteers | That training for volunteers be reviewed to determine which courses require national standardisation. Organisational training should then address the remaining training needs. The review should take into account the risk exposure to government agencies if changes are to be made. |
REC239-2671 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That all Queensland Corrective Service provision of training should be contestable. |
REC239-2763 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the proposed efficiency review includes a focus on the rank structure of both the Queensland Police Service and the proposed Fire and Emergency Services. |
REC239-2758 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Chief Executive Officer Portfolio Business leads an efficiency review of portfolio agencies beginning with the Queensland Police Service. |
REC239-2746 | 36 - Volunteers | That volunteers should be engaged to assist in determining what constitutes ‘fit for task’ and how that should be implemented. |
REC239-2781 | 34 - Local knowledge | That the current provisions enabling there to be a Ministerial Direction be maintained and actioned as the Minister sees fit. |
REC239-2727 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That as part of its efficiency review, the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service instigate an independent review of commercial operations in terms of statutory obligations and current ‘full cost pricing’ methodology to ensure: |
REC239-2741 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the annual training calendar identify course, training location and the coordinating authority. |
REC239-2777 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the review of this Queensland Fire and Rescue Services business unit be done in conjunction with the efficiency review proposed for the Queensland Police Service. |
REC239-2739 | 36 - Volunteers | That the Queensland Police Service and the Department of Community Safety develop intuitive, easily accessible systems that reduce the administrative burden on volunteers and their time. Greater exploitation of technology to deliver intuitive, simple and practical systems is required. |
REC239-2725 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service community safety operations be joined in the efficiency review of the Queensland Police Service focussing on both the community safety outcomes achieved and the extent to which they support the Government’s economic priorities. |
REC239-2740 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That impediments to the publication of an annual training calendar of core skills be removed. |
REC239-2776 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the proposed efficiency review of the Queensland Police Service examine whether: |
REC239-2738 | 36 - Volunteers | That the current employer and family recognition practices be reviewed with a view to meet the needs of volunteers, their families and their employers. |
REC239-2724 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service undertake a review of all standing orders, incident directives and guidelines regarding response protocols with a view to reducing risk to staff and other road users associated with urgent duty driving. |
REC239-2729 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service work to change the culture of entitlement so that firefighters recognise firefighting is only one of a range of skills they bring to their core role of emergency management. |
REC239-2764 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the proposed efficiency review consider whether special service functions are core business, whether this practice is sustainable, and other options such as the use of casual employees. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC236-2795 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that a short inquiry be conducted by the Senate Standing Committee on Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport into the current status of aviation regulatory reform to assess the direction, progress and resources expended to date to ensure greater visibility of the processes. |
REC236-2788 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The committee recommends that, as far as available resources allow, ATSB investigators be given access to training provided by the agency's international counterparts. Where this does not occur, resultant gaps in |
REC236-2793 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that CASA processes in relation to matters highlighted by this investigation be reviewed. This could involve an evaluation benchmarked against a credible peer (such as FAA or CAA) of regulation and audits with respect to: non-RPT passenger carrying operations; approach to audits; and training and standardisation of FOI across regional offices. |
REC236-2787 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The committee recommends that the training offered by the ATSB across all investigator skills sets be benchmarked against other agencies by an independent body by, for example, inviting the NTSB or commissioning an industry body to conduct such a benchmarking exercise. |
REC236-2792 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that the investigation be re-opened by the ATSB with a focus on organisational, oversight and broader systemic issues. |
REC236-2806 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that the relevant agencies investigate appropriate methods to ensure that information about the incidence of, and variable weather conditions at, Norfolk Island is available to assist flight crews and operators managing risk that may result from unforseen weather events. |
REC236-2805 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that the relevant agencies review whether any equipment or other changes can be made to improve the weather forecasting at Norfolk Island. The review would include whether the Unicom operator should be an approved meteorological observer. |
REC236-2801 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that the ATSB review its process to track the implementation of recommendations or safety actions to ensure it is an effective closed loop system. This should be made public, and provided to the Senate Regional and Rural Affairs and Transport Committee prior to each Budget Estimates. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
---|---|---|
REC233-1590 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy seek regular updates from Telstra on the implementation of the recommendations of its inquiry into the Warrnambool exchange fire. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC232-2827 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Government, in consultation with state and territory governments, conduct a comprehensive national audit and mapping exercise to: |
REC232-2815 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Department of Health and Ageing review the existing evidence base to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of its policy to use heat scanners at ports of entry as a measure to mitigate the risk of infectious disease importation. |
REC232-2828 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Government, in consultation with state and territory governments, commission an independent review to assess the case for establishing a national centre for communicable disease control in Australia. The review should outline the role of a national centre and how it might be structured to build on and enhance existing systems. It should examine different models, considering a range of options for location, governance and staffing. The review should incorporate a cost-benefit analysis for each of the models presented. |
REC232-2818 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners provide resources and training to general practitioners on the complex health needs of migrants and refugees, with a focus on identifying infectious diseases which are notifiable in Australia, or diseases which are of specific concern to refugee and migrant communities. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC210-0737 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Department of Environment and Resource Management should ensure that an independent and appropriately qualified person immediately starts the task of reviewing the March flood event report to ensure that the review is completed before the start of the 2012/2013 wet season. |
REC210-0773 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Department of Environment and Resource Management should prioritise dam safety audits according to risk. The risk assessment should be informed by criteria including: • structure and materials used in construction • age of the dam • time since last inspection • occurrence of a flood event since last audit and the size of that flood event • population at risk if the dam were to fail • experience and capability of dam owner • dam owner compliance history • time since last audit. |
REC210-0736 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Seqwater should ensure that proper support and oversight mechanisms are put in place around both the substantive and procedural aspects of drafting flood event reports. Seqwater should consider engaging consultants with expertise in the production of reports following significant events to advise on these mechanisms. Measures to be considered should include: • ensuring appropriate systems are in place to ensure the recollections of flood engineers and other parties are recorded immediately after the event, perhaps by engaging an external party to interview the flood engineers and other parties • ensuring that a methodology for writing the report is set out clearly in advance, in writing, and that the final report includes a statement of that methodology • putting in place systems to ensure that members of senior management have sufficient understanding of both the methodology and process by which the report is prepared to allow themselves to be satisfied that these are appropriate. |
REC210-0775 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Department of Environment and Resource Management should conduct periodic dam safety information and education sessions with emergency management personnel including those from Emergency Management Queensland, local and district disaster management groups and local councils. Priority should be given to sessions if the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts a wet season with a greater than 50 per cent chance of above median rainfall. |
REC210-0772 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Prior to each wet season, the Department of Environment and Resource Management should audit the compliance of each owner of a referable dam with the obligation to have an emergency action plan approved by the Queensland Government. |
REC210-0726 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Queensland Fire and Rescue Service should require that each region records in writing the results of its risk assessment undertaken as part of its annual review of its special operations functional plan. |
REC210-0766 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Wide Bay Water should, in addition to its usual wet season preparations and maintenance, undertake the following activities in advance of each wet season: Queensland Floods Commission of Inquiry | Final Report 29 Complete list of Final Report recommendations • conduct training for personnel on dam operation, including contingency plans for the situation in which one or more of the gates is inoperable • hold meetings of key personnel of Wide Bay Water involved in the operation of the dam during floods, which: – in addition to any other matters, inform staff about the current status of the gates, dam operation strategies and contingency plans for the situation in which one or more of the gates is inoperable – are recorded in minutes which document the information provided and are made available to all operational staff. |
REC210-0762 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Seqwater should consider commissioning an investigation into the extent of cracking below the level of the upper gallery of Somerset Dam and the impact of any such cracking on the dam’s stability and, in turn, its operation. |
REC210-0681 | 19 - Offences | Councils and distributor-retailers should agree to protocols for the exchange of information about suspected illegal connections, the steps being taken to investigate them or the basis for concluding that no investigation is required, and the results of any investigations or enforcement actions. |
REC210-0734 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Emergency Management Queensland should simplify the process by which SES members gain recognition for prior qualifications so that unnecessary duplication of training can be avoided. |
REC210-0743 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Seqwater should, in creating the new Wivenhoe and North Pine flood mitigation manuals, comprehensively consider: • the amount of discretion that is able to be exercised by the flood engineers and the senior flood engineers, and the description of the circumstances in which such discretion may be exercised • the circumstances in which it might be appropriate to release water in advance of an impending flood on the basis of forecasts from the Bureau of Meteorology • if strategies of the form of strategy W2 and W3 in Revision 7 are included in the revised manual, or any strategy defined as a ‘transition strategy’, when and how those strategies should be implemented • if the concept of ‘urban inundation’ is relevant to the operation of the dam, how it should be defined, and if the definition involves diverse concepts, how those concepts can be related back to the strategies, so that flood engineers can reach a clear understanding of their objectives and primary considerations • if the concept of ‘natural peak flow’ is relevant, how it should be defined. |
REC210-0738 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | Seqwater should ensure that any future peer review process: • is co-ordinated by someone independent of those who wrote the report • entails the provision of all relevant information to the peer reviewers • permits sufficient time for the review • documents all contact between those whose actions are under review and the reviewers. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC205-1903 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Australian Government should commission an independent public review of disaster prevention and recovery arrangements. This should be broader than the review currently being conducted by the Attorney-General’s Department. The review should cover the Natural Disaster Relief and Recovery Arrangements, as well as the funding mechanisms for disaster mitigation, including the National Partnership Agreement on Natural Disaster Resilience. This review should: |
REC205-1902 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Council of Australian Governments should commission an independent public inquiry to develop an appropriate response to managing the risks of climate change to existing settlements. The inquiry should: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC193-0220 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The State Fire Management Council work with local government councils to improve the availability of relevant professional development. |
REC193-0219 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Tasmania Fire Service, the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment and Forestry Tasmania continue to encourage the relevant national bodies to further implement the COAG 2004 recommendation, namely: ... that the Australasian Fire Authorities Council and Emergency Management Australia — in partnership with state and territory agencies and other education and research institutions — coordinate a national program of professional development focused on bushfire mitigation and management. Under the program, partners would deliver nationally coordinated professional development services to all jurisdictions. |
REC193-0218 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Tasmania Fire Service, the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment and Forestry Tasmania pursue funding from the Commonwealth (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations), in line with COAG Recommendation 11.2, namely that the states and territories and the Australian National Training Authority provide additional funding, as necessary, to registered training organisations to support the development and delivery of learning and training resources to all firefighters. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC177-3332 | 16 - Training and behaviour | A specific focus on well control training should be mandatory for key personnel involved in well control operations (including both on‐rig personnel and onshore personnel in supervisory capacities). |
REC177-3331 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Existing well control training programs should be reviewed by the industry, regulators and training providers, with a focus on well control accidents that have occurred (in Australia and overseas). |
REC144-3387 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | In order that the ACT public can be reassured about the project management and financial planning in relation to the Fairbairn site as a proposed centralised accommodation facility for emergency services, the Auditor-General undertake a review of the project from a financial probity and project management perspective. |
REC177-3378 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | In view of the numerous well integrity problems in all of the Montara Oilfield wells, the Minister should commission a detailed audit of all the other offshore wells operated by PTTEPAA to determine whether they too may suffer from well integrity problems. |
REC177-3374 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Minister should, as the JA for the offshore area of the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands, undertake a review of PTTEPAA’s permit and licence to operate at the Montara Oilfield. |
REC177-3344 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | There should be a review to determine whether it is appropriate to introduce a rigorous civil penalty regime and/or substantially increase some or all of the penalties that can be imposed for breaches of legislative requirements relating to well integrity and safety. |
REC177-3333 | 16 - Training and behaviour | Licensees and rig operators (and third party contractors involved in well control operations) should specifically assess, and document, the nature and extent of knowledge/skills of relevant personnel in relation to well control (including familiarity of personnel with agency‐specific requirements and procedures). Training needs and opportunities should be identified. This process should take place on engagement and at appropriate intervals. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC176-0146 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Commonwealth organise the co-operation of state land management and fire agencies to provide the practical training aspect of the curriculum as part of a national bushfire accreditation course. |
REC176-0145 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Commonwealth assist the states with bushfire training for land managers and volunteers by co-ordinating curriculum development and delivery of a national bushfire accreditation course, to be delivered by the relevant state agencies. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC174-2985 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | To provide adequate assurance on the validity of claims paid for disaster recovery assistance, the ANAO recommends that Centrelink: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC166-3009 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the Tasmania Fire Service conduct an audit of all shopping centres to ensure that there exists within those centres adequate fire protection and evacuation systems. |
REC166-3002 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the Tasmania Fire Service provide additional training in the use of thermal camera imaging: |
REC166-3001 | 16 - Training and behaviour | That the Tasmania Fire Service provide further training in respect to sprinkler systems, namely: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC161-3030 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority review the risk assessment of pipelines. National Offshore Petroleum Safety Authority should focus, in particular, on the efficacy of anti-corrosion systems, and recognise potential interference effects and MAE escalation risks associated with adjacent pipelines and unlicenced pipes even if they fall outside its direct regulatory responsibilities. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC150-3127 | 16 - Training and behaviour | QFRS improve the capacity to address the brigade training gap by continuing to encourage and facilitate the accreditation of volunteer trainers within brigades where appropriate. |
REC150-3126 | 16 - Training and behaviour | QFRS continue to support area training staff in the development and implementation of brigade training programs and calendars. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC149-3136 | 16 - Training and behaviour | There is a need for industry in consultation with NOPSA to establish a priority programme of accredited education modules in the Safety Case regime targeting stakeholders in the regime at their respective levels to improve the understanding of the Safety Case and correspondent responsibilities. |
REC149-3145 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | NOPSA should consider an audit regime that targets Greenfields operations at commencement of operations. |
REC149-3137 | 16 - Training and behaviour | As professional competency is one of the key pillars of any Safety Case, commitment to training for current and future needs remains a fundamental requirement for achieving best practice outcomes in safety. Industry should be encouraged to build on its training commitment now being made to achieve a competent and fully accredited workforce over the next five years. |
REC149-3142 | 19 - Offences | NOPSA should use encouragement as the primary tool of enforcing compliance provided willingness to improve is exhibited by the players. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC148-3182 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That Biosecurity Australia review that formal import risk analysis at least once every two years to take into account any relevant developments in scientific knowledge—specifically testing methods, vaccines, vaccination procedures and other matters that affect biosecurity. Reports on the reviews should be provided to the officer responsible for the importation of horses and should contain recommendations for any necessary changes to policies for importation. |
REC148-3175 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the officer responsible for the importation of horses arrange for Biosecurity Australia to review, at least once every two years, the operating procedures to ensure that they adequately identify and manage the risk of entry and spread of equine influenza associated with the importation of horses into Australia. The outcome of each such review should be the subject of a written report and recommendations to the person responsible for the importation of horses and the Executive Director of AQIS. A determination should then be made as to whether any, and if so what, changes should be made to the operating procedures. |
REC148-3170 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the officer responsible for the importation of horses arrange for Biosecurity Australia to conduct within six months, an inspection and review of the process of horse importation from the time horses arrive in Australia until the completion of their post-arrival quarantine in order to: |
REC148-3167 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the facilities at Eastern Creek and Spotswood Quarantine Stations be reviewed by AQIS in consultation with experts in biosecurity and interested parties including state and territory governments, import agents, veterinarians, farriers, operators of private quarantine stations, and representatives of horse owners, horse racing organisations and equestrian organisations. There should in any event be constructed without delay, an adequate supply of hygienic, modern showering facilities and places of entry and exit to the stations and the horse sections of them that can be supervised and monitored continually. There should also be provided at those stations as soon as is practicable suitable means of electronic surveillance, including closed-circuit television; a secure place to store chemicals, drugs, instruments and equipment for use by people attending the quarantined horses, and a set of horse stalls and yards separate from the main stalls and yards to enable isolation of horses suffering from contagious or infectious diseases. These reviews should also consider the desirability of separate areas in quarantine stations to hold horses forming part of a single quarantine intake but that have been imported from different regions or have undergone pre-export quarantine in different places. The reviews should be carried out without delay, and the two quarantine stations should be upgraded in accordance with the recommendations of the reviews. |
REC148-3154 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | That the officer responsible for the importation of horses arrange for Biosecurity Australia or another qualified body to inspect and review the activities and events that occur from the time horses enter pre-export quarantine until the time they arrive at an airport in Australia, in order to identify any biosecurity risks and recommend any necessary changes to import conditions or other requirements. This inspection and review shall be performed without delay for each country or region from which horses are imported to Australia, and it should take account of my other recommendations and comments in this report. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC147-3187 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The ANAO recommends that, in order to maximise the benefit of emergency management training activities, EMA review periodically its approach to delivering individual training courses, to ensure the most appropriate delivery mechanism is used commensurate with training objectives. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC146-3193 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The committee recommends that the Australian National Audit Office audit CASA's implementation and administration of its Safety Management Systems approach. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC145-3199 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Committee recommends that the Australian Government continue funding under the Climate Change Adaptation Skills for Professionals Program. In addition, the Australian Government should liaise with tertiary institutions to ensure an adequate supply of appropriately skilled coastal planners and engineers. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC140-3555 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Tasmanian Ambulance Service Clinical Advisory Committee review helicopter and fixed wing Flight Paramedic training and consider extending the scope of practice to embrace the role of retrieval paramedic in the Doctor/Paramedic retrieval team setting. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC137-3532 | 16 - Training and behaviour | I recommend that CASA reconsider the introduction of measures to ensure the efficiency of training and checking organisations for air transport operations. I recommend that this include the way in which particular training needs of an air operator’s flight crew are to be identified (including recurrent training and CRM training) and how those needs are to be met by approved or certified training and checking organisations. |
REC137-3530 | 16 - Training and behaviour | I recommend that Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) expedite the introduction of mandatory crew resource management training. |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC116-2106 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Working Group recommends that appropriate building/surveyor peak bodies be identified, and that discussions be held between the emergency management sector and those peak bodies at State/Territory and national level with a view to: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC111-3939 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | It is recommended that the State Disaster Management Group and the Department of Emergency Services review the current disaster district boundary framework and its relevance to the regional boundaries established by other public sector lead entities to ensure that resources within the Disaster Management System are economically, efficiently and effectively allocated across Queensland. |
REC111-3937 | 16 - Training and behaviour | To enhance the delivery of disaster management services, it is recommended that the Department of Emergency Services — |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC098-2155 | 25 - Inquiry, audit, lessons management and after action review | The Committee recommends that Emergency Management Australia initiate a process involving Australasian Fire Authorities Council and the Australian Assembly of Volunteer Fire Brigades Association to review |
REC098-2173 | 36 - Volunteers | The Committee suggests that registered volunteer fire fighters be exempt from paying Fire Levy tax to help offset some of the expense they incur during active duty. The exemption could be for a period of 12 months |
REC098-2156 | 36 - Volunteers | The Committee recommends that: |
Rec-ID | Code | Recommendation |
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REC008-3990 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Commission recommends that more than one means of exit should be provided in every mine from every level of it to the surface; and that the miners should be kept informed where they are situated. |
REC008-3984 | 16 - Training and behaviour | The Commission recommends that the live parts of resistances should be fixed so that no unprotected combustible material is within 6ins of the frames or cases containing them or within 24ins measured vertically above. |